The Importance of Dog Teeth and Gum
Health

Dogs, much like humans, rely on their dental health for overall well-being. Poor dental hygiene
in dogs can lead to serious health problems that extend beyond the mouth. Maintaining your
dog’s teeth and gums is essential not only for their comfort but also for their general health. This
article will delve into the importance of dog teeth and gum health, the signs to look for, and how
to prevent dental issues.

Signs of Healthy Gums in Dogs

Healthy dog gums are typically bubble-gum pink or salmon pink. Some breeds may naturally
have dark-colored or spotted gums, which is normal. It is crucial to monitor your dog’s gums for
any changes in color over time, as this can indicate health issues. Normal gums should be moist
and slippery, without any noticeable odor, swelling, lumps, or bumps.

Signs of Unhealthy Dog Gums

Unhealthy gums in dogs can manifest in various ways, and recognizing these signs early can
prevent more severe health problems. Here are some common signs of unhealthy gums:

Tacky and Dry Gums

Tacky and dry gums often indicate dehydration. After panting heavily, your dog’s gums may
appear dry temporarily. Allow your dog to rest and rehydrate, then check again. Persistent
dryness and tackiness require a veterinary visit, especially if accompanied by lethargy, vomiting,
diarrhea, or loss of appetite.

Red Gums

Bright, cherry-red gums can signal a severe health issue such as carbon monoxide poisoning,
heatstroke, hypertension, certain poisonings, or shock. If your dog has bright red gums without
recent excitement or activity, immediate veterinary attention is necessary. Small red splotches
on the gums, ears, or belly could indicate a coagulation problem and require urgent care.

Pale and White Gums

Pale or white gums are often a sign of anemia, pain, or shock. Blood loss can also cause pale
gums. This is a serious condition that needs prompt veterinary evaluation. If your dog shows
milder symptoms, they still need to be checked by a vet at the next available appointment.

Yellow Gums

Yellow gums indicate a condition called icterus, also known as jaundice. This discoloration is
often linked to liver issues or the destruction of red blood cells. The liver plays a crucial role in
processing bilirubin, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. When the liver is not functioning
correctly, or if there is an excessive breakdown of red blood cells, bilirubin accumulates in the
body, leading to the yellowing of tissues.

Causes of Icterus

• Liver Disease: Conditions such as hepatitis, liver tumors, or cirrhosis can impair the
  liver’s ability to process bilirubin, resulting in its accumulation and causing the gums and
  other tissues to turn yellow.
• Hemolytic Anemia: This condition involves the rapid destruction of red blood cells,
  overwhelming the liver’s capacity to process bilirubin. Causes can include autoimmune
  diseases, certain infections, or exposure to toxins.
• Gallbladder Obstruction: Obstruction of the bile ducts, often due to gallstones or
  tumors, can prevent bilirubin from being excreted, leading to jaundice.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

In addition to yellow gums, other symptoms of icterus may include:

• Yellowing of the Whites of the Eyes: The sclera (the white part of the eye) can turn
  yellow.
• Yellowing of the Inner Ears: The skin inside the ears can also show signs of jaundice.
• Dark Urine: Excess bilirubin can be excreted in the urine, causing it to turn a darker
  color.
• Lethargy and Weakness: Due to the underlying disease causing jaundice, your dog
  may exhibit general signs of illness.

Gray, Blue and Purple Gums

Gray, blue, or purple gums are signs of a life-threatening emergency such as heart disease,
breathing problems, pneumonia, asthma, low blood pressure, hypothermia, poisoning, or
choking. Seek emergency veterinary care immediately if you notice these colors.

Swollen Gums

Swollen gums are commonly associated with dental disease, particularly gingivitis, which is
inflammation of the gums. This can cause pain and sometimes bleeding. Firm swelling, known
as gingival hyperplasia, can obscure the teeth and also requires veterinary attention.

Bleeding Gums

Bleeding gums are usually due to gingivitis, which can be irritated by hard food or toys. Minor
bleeding can be monitored at home, but frequent or severe bleeding needs a vet’s assessment.

Bad Breath

Bad breath, or halitosis, is often caused by bacteria in the mouth and is a sign of dental disease.
Severe halitosis may indicate periodontal disease. Bad breath can also be a symptom of
diabetes or kidney disease, especially if accompanied by other signs of illness.

Gum Overgrowth

Gum overgrowth, or gingival hyperplasia, can be genetic or drug-induced and is most common
in Boxers, Bulldogs, and Cocker Spaniels. It causes the gums to swell and cover the teeth,
which needs veterinary attention.

Receding Gums

Receding gums are caused by plaque and tartar buildup, leading to periodontal disease. This
can weaken the bones supporting the teeth, causing lost teeth, abscesses, and even jaw
fractures. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent further complications.

Growths, Bumps, and Warts on the Gums

Any growths, lumps, or bumps on the gums should be checked by a vet, especially if they are a
different color than the gums, bleeding, or changing rapidly. These should be examined during
the next available veterinary appointment.

Dog Gum Health Checklist

Regularly checking your dog’s mouth can help you catch issues early. Here’s what to look for:

• Color: Healthy gums are bubble-gum pink and moist.
• Growths: Look for raised areas, lumps, or bumps, and seek veterinary advice if you
  notice anything unusual.
• Swelling, Bleeding, and Receding Gums: These symptoms are concerning and often
  require veterinary attention.
• Overgrowth: Excessive gum tissue should prompt a vet visit.
• Wet or Tacky?: Normal gums are moist and slippery. Persistent tackiness is a cause for
  concern.
• Odor: Minimal odor is normal, but consistent bad breath may indicate dental disease.
• Tartar: Check for tartar buildup touching the gumline, which can lead to periodontal
  disease.

How to Keep Your Dog’s Gums Healthy

Maintaining your dog’s gum health is crucial. Here are some tips to ensure your dog’s mouth
stays healthy:

Regular Checks

Get into the habit of checking your dog’s mouth weekly. Look for changes in color, growths,
swelling, bleeding, and tartar buildup.

Brushing

Brush your dog’s teeth regularly to prevent plaque and tartar buildup. Use a dog-specific
toothbrush and toothpaste. Brushing your dog’s teeth daily is ideal, but even weekly brushing
can make a significant difference.

Diet

A balanced diet rich in meat, bones, and organs can help control plaque and tartar buildup
naturally. Raw or air-dried bones are particularly beneficial for cleaning teeth and gums.

Chew Toys and Dental Treats

Provide chew toys and dental treats that help reduce plaque and tartar through the mechanical
action of chewing. Look for products with the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) seal.

Regular Vet Visits

Schedule annual dental exams and professional cleanings with your veterinarian. These
cleanings provide a deeper clean than brushing alone and help prevent dental disease.

Conclusion

Veterinary care can prevent serious dental issues and ensure your dog remains healthy and
happy. Pay attention to your dog’s gums and teeth, and address any changes promptly to avoid
complications. Your dog’s smile will thank you!